Advanced Mathematical Functions

Summation & Cumulative Sum

# Summation of elements
import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print("Sum of elements:", np.sum(arr)) # 10

# Cumulative sum
print("Cumulative sum:", np.cumsum(arr)) # [1 3 6 10]

Finding Unique Elements & Counting Occurrences

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4])

# Finding unique elements and counting occurrences
unique_elements, counts = np.unique(arr, return_counts=True)
print("Unique elements:", unique_elements)
print("Counts:", counts)

Sorting an Array

arr = np.array([3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9])

# Sorting the array
print("Sorted array:", np.sort(arr))

# Indices of sorted elements
print("Indices of sorted elements:", np.argsort(arr))

Finding Percentiles & Quantiles

data = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

# Calculating percentiles
print("25th percentile:", np.percentile(data, 25))
print("50th percentile (median):", np.percentile(data, 50))
print("75th percentile:", np.percentile(data, 75))